Friday 7 November 2014

Nature and Necessity of Theology

 Introduction: 
            Before we deal with details of Systematic theology we should remind ourselves that what we are talking about is the story of what God has done as found in the Bible.  The Christian gospel and the Christian faith are this kind of thing, and the Christian theology is the attempt to understand and to interpret this story of what God has done.  Here we will deal first with the nature of theology and then with necessity of theology:


1          Nature of theology:  Systematic or dogmatic theology is the methodical investigation and interpretation of the content of Christian faith.  It is the orderly clarification and explanation of what is affirmed in the Christian message.  Theology is an activity or a function of the church carried out by members of the church.  The church has to reflect on its faith and message in every age, so that it can interpret and present them in a way that can be understood in each new period.  So the theological task of the church is to interpret its faith and message in a way that can be understood and affirmed in each new age.
            The church has a mission to speak about God to the world.  It uses language about God in all of its activities, e.g. worship, preaching, pastoral care etc.  Therefore, the function and task of theology is to test, analyze and revise the language which the church uses about God, to test it by its norm, namely, God’s self-disclosure to which testimony is given in the Bible.  This testing is necessary because the church’s language about God is fallible and can fall into error and confusion.  Finally, human language itself is constantly changing in meaning and thus must be regularly revised in order to maintain a continuity of meaning.  Thus theology is something necessary in the life of the church as we will see below:

2. Necessity of theology: 
            It is said that theology is not the essence of the church and it is possible to be a Christian without theology.  Then, why is theology necessary in the life of the church?  We will see why theology is necessary:
           
            (a)        Theology necessary to determine Christian faith:  Theology is necessary in order to determine what is essential to the Christian faith and message and what is not essential, what is central and what is peripheral.  Theology is necessary in order to determine what is and what is not part of Christian faith.  When misunderstanding and distortions of Christian faith arise in the church, it becomes necessary to distinguish true doctrine from rise.  For example, the only thing which saved the church from Gnosticism, Arianism, Apollinarianism was hard theological work.
           
            (b)       Theology necessary for teaching:  After preaching there must be teaching in the church, catedietical instruction, explaining what the Christian faith means and requires.  The simplest kind of teaching, even of the youngest children, is full of theological content.  There are several references in the NT to the necessity of teaching and teachers.
           
            (c)        Theology necessary for translation:  The Bible as the main source and standard of Christian teaching is not uniform.  The Bible does not present a simple unity of teaching but rather a multiplicity of different approaches which must be resolved by critical reflections, by theological work.  Further, the thought categories of the Bible must be translated into the thought categories of the present.  Our understanding of ourselves, our language and concepts, the issue we face and the questions we raise about Christian faith change from age to age.  In such a situation or context, we cannot require modern people to return to the thought world of the first century nor can we present the thought world of the Bible untranslated.  The work of theology is, therefore, essentially translation.

            (d)       Theology necessary to distinguish Christian message:  The Christian message which is based on the Bible must be distinguished from the scientific picture of the world of the first century.  The geology, theology and historiography of the Bible have no authority for us and must be distinguished from the faith testimony of the Bible.  Bultmann has raised this issue in a new way in our day and thus pointed up the necessity of theology again.

Conclusion: 

            Theology is normative in the sense of attempting to determine what is the true Christian faith to distinguish true doctrine from false doctrine, to determine what is and what is not part of Christian faith.  Thus one of the functions of theology is to scrutinize, criticize, and if necessary, to reform the church’s formation of its faith in creeds, conciliar decisions, and confessions.

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